AEMCA Practice Exam

What are typical side effects associated with opioid use?

1. Restlessness and insomnia

2. Sedation and constipation

3. Migraines and joint pain

4. Increased energy and alertness

The correct answer is: Sedation and constipation

Opioids are a class of medications commonly used for pain relief. Their pharmacological effects can lead to a variety of side effects, and sedation and constipation are among the most prevalent. Sedation occurs because opioids interact with the central nervous system, producing feelings of relaxation and drowsiness. This can be particularly beneficial for patients experiencing severe pain but may also impair their ability to perform certain tasks, such as operating machinery or driving. Constipation is another common side effect of opioid use due to their action on the gastrointestinal tract. Opioids bind to receptors in the gut, which decreases motility and slows down the passage of stool, leading to constipation. This effect is significant enough that healthcare providers often recommend stool softeners or laxatives to patients receiving opioid therapy to manage this side effect proactively. The other options present side effects that are less commonly associated with opioid use. Restlessness and insomnia might result from withdrawal symptoms or from an individual's reaction to the medication, but they are not the primary side effects. Migraines and joint pain can be unrelated conditions that affect any individual or may occur for other reasons not linked directly to opioid use. Increased energy and alertness are typically contrary to the effects of opioids, which are meant to provide pain