AEMCA Practice Exam

What can prolonged vomiting lead to in terms of potassium levels?

1. Hyperkalemia

2. Hypokalemia

3. Normal potassium levels

4. Unchanged potassium levels

The correct answer is: Hypokalemia

Prolonged vomiting can result in hypokalemia, which is a condition characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood. When a person vomits, they lose not only food and fluids but also electrolytes, including potassium. This loss occurs because potassium is a major electrolyte found in the stomach and intestinal contents. As the body depletes its potassium reserves due to ongoing vomiting, the overall potassium levels in the bloodstream decrease, leading to hypokalemia. Additionally, prolonged vomiting may cause the kidneys to attempt to conserve potassium as the body faces a deficit, but if the vomiting continues, this compensatory mechanism can be inadequate. The resultant low potassium levels can lead to various symptoms, including muscle weakness, cramping, and irregular heart rhythms, demonstrating the importance of maintaining balanced electrolyte levels for overall health.