AEMCA Practice Exam

What causes increased mucus production in asthma?

1. Cold air exposure

2. Allergic reactions to antigens

3. Viral infections only

4. Genetic factors

The correct answer is: Allergic reactions to antigens

Increased mucus production in asthma is closely associated with allergic reactions to antigens. When an individual with asthma is exposed to allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander, the immune system overreacts. This exaggerated immune response activates various cells, such as mast cells and eosinophils, which in turn release mediators that irritate airways. These mediators stimulate goblet cells in the airways to produce more mucus, leading to increased mucus secretion. This excessive mucus production can contribute to airway constriction and obstruction, which are hallmark symptoms of asthma. While cold air exposure, viral infections, and genetic factors can also play roles in asthma exacerbations, the direct link between allergen exposure and increased mucus production is a well-established aspect of the disease's pathophysiology, particularly in allergic asthma.