AEMCA Practice Exam

What condition does pericardial tamponade refer to?

1. Fluid accumulation in the lungs

2. Blood in the pericardial sac

3. Affects the diaphragm muscle

4. Infections within the heart

The correct answer is: Blood in the pericardial sac

Pericardial tamponade specifically refers to the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, which is the protective membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can lead to an increase in pressure within the pericardial cavity, which restricts the heart’s ability to properly fill with blood during diastole. As the pressure builds, it compromises the heart’s output and can lead to symptoms such as hypotension, tachycardia, and in severe cases, shock. Blood in the pericardial sac is often the cause of tamponade and may result from traumatic events, ruptured blood vessels, or certain medical conditions. This is distinct from fluid accumulation in the lungs, diaphragm issues, or infections within the heart, which do not encompass the specific physiological condition associated with pericardial tamponade. Understanding the nature of this condition is crucial for diagnosing and managing patients effectively, as timely intervention can be life-saving.