AEMCA Practice Exam

What is the main function of lysosomes?

1. Store nutrients

2. Produce ATP

3. Digest waste materials

4. Regulate cell signaling

The correct answer is: Digest waste materials

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that play a crucial role in cellular waste management and recycling. Their primary function is to digest waste materials and cellular debris. They contain a variety of hydrolytic enzymes that can break down different biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. When a cell is damaged or when pathogens invade, lysosomes can merge with other vesicles to effectively break down these unwanted materials, facilitating cellular homeostasis and preventing the accumulation of potentially harmful substances. In the context of the other choices, storing nutrients pertains to the function of vacuoles rather than lysosomes. The production of ATP is primarily the role of mitochondria, where energy metabolism processes take place. Regulating cell signaling is a function associated with various cellular receptors and signaling pathways, not specifically assigned to lysosomes. These distinct roles highlight why lysosomes are primarily recognized for their digesting capabilities.