AEMCA Practice Exam

What is the underlying cause of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)?

1. Genetic disorder

2. Autoimmune disease

3. Environmental factors

4. Obesity

The correct answer is: Autoimmune disease

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM), also known as Type 1 Diabetes, is primarily classified as an autoimmune disease. In this condition, the body's immune system mistakenly targets and attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This destruction leads to little or no insulin production, which is crucial for regulating blood glucose levels. The recognition of IDDM as an autoimmune disease highlights the complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental triggers that may activate the immune response. While there are genetic factors involved, the hallmark of IDDM is this autoimmune attack, setting it apart from other types of diabetes, such as Type 2, which is more commonly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Understanding IDDM as an autoimmune disease helps in comprehending its onset, mechanisms, and the crucial need for insulin administration in affected individuals.