AEMCA Practice Exam

Which cells in the pancreas are responsible for insulin production?

1. Alpha cells

2. Beta cells

3. Delta cells

4. Gamma cells

The correct answer is: Beta cells

The pancreas plays a critical role in glucose metabolism, and it contains specialized cells known as islet cells or islets of Langerhans. Among these, the beta cells are specifically responsible for the production and secretion of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels after meals. Beta cells are situated in the core of the islet, and their ability to sense blood glucose levels allows them to release insulin accordingly. When blood sugar levels rise, beta cells release insulin, whereas when levels drop, insulin secretion decreases. This function is vital for maintaining homeostasis within the body, and any dysfunction or deficiency in beta cell activity can lead to conditions such as type 1 diabetes, where the body produces little to no insulin.