AEMCA Practice Exam

Which organ functions as both an exocrine and endocrine gland?

1. Liver

2. Kidney

3. Pancreas

4. Thyroid

The correct answer is: Pancreas

The pancreas is the organ that functions as both an exocrine and endocrine gland, making it unique in its dual role. As an endocrine gland, the pancreas is responsible for producing hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which are released into the bloodstream to help regulate blood sugar levels. This hormonal regulation is essential for maintaining homeostasis within the body. On the exocrine side, the pancreas produces digestive enzymes, such as amylase and lipase, which are secreted into the small intestine through the pancreatic duct. These enzymes play a crucial role in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, facilitating nutrient absorption. In contrast, the liver primarily functions in metabolic processes, bile production, and detoxification but does not release hormones into the bloodstream in the way the pancreas does. The kidneys primarily function in filtration and excretion of waste products, along with some hormonal functions such as erythropoietin production, but they do not serve as an exocrine gland. The thyroid gland exclusively serves an endocrine function, producing hormones that regulate metabolism and growth without exocrine activities. Thus, the pancreas stands out for its capability to perform both exocrine and endocrine functions effectively.